The Universal English-Russian Dictionary

© ABBYY, 2008

Compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers, the Dictionary was first published in 1990 and was a new word in lexicography. It was the first dictionary to combine the features of a bilingual translation dictionary and a monolingual dictionary and was specifically designed for electronic storage and retrieval. Most of the entries are supplied with detailed explanations, comments, and illustrative examples, and many provide synonyms and antonyms for the headword. LingvoUniversal can be successfully used to translate texts from English into Russian, and to write texts in English. The meanings are supplied with numerous examples which, coupled with the powerful full-text search facility, not only serve illustrative purposes but are an invaluable source of linguistic information. The Dictionary is regularly updated to reflect language change. New additions include colloquial and taboo words, without which he lexicographic picture of contemporary English would have been incomplete. ABBYY’s lexicographers have analyzed many other dictionaries and a large number of contemporary English texts to make the Dictionary truly comprehensive and up-to-date and have drawn extensively on the discussions at the lexicographic forums that were created with the aim of developing the ABBYY Lingvo dictionaries: <>, translators’ forums, and <>, the forums of the ABBYY Lingvo Dictionary Association. A substantial number of entries have been written or expanded based on the discussions at Pavel Palazchenko’s blog, or have been edited by the eminent interpreter himself. 9th ed., revised and updated. Bibliography: 1. American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, 4th ed. - New York: BARTLEBY.COM, 2000. 2. Bloomsbury English Dictionary, 2nd ed. – London: Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2004. 3. Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary by Daniel Jones. – Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. 4. Chambers Concise Dictionary. – Edinburgh: Chambers Harrap Publishers Ltd., 2004. 5. Collins English Dictionary, 7th ed. – Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 2005. 6. Collins English Thesaurus. – Glasgow: HarperCollins Publishers, 1995. 7. Cassell’s Dictionary of Slang by Jonathon Green. – London: Cassell, 2000. 8. Longman Language Activator, 2nd ed. - Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2002. 9. Longman Pronunciation Dictionary by J.C.Wells. - Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2002. 10. Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture, 3rd ed. - Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2002. 11. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, 4th ed. - Harlow: Pearson Education Limited, 2003. 12. Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners. – Oxford: Macmillan Education Ltd., 2002. 13. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, 7th ed. - Oxford, New York etc.: Oxford University Press, 2005. 14. Oxford Collocations Dictionary. - Oxford, New York etc.: Oxford University Press, 2002. 15. Oxford Dictionary of English, 2nd edition, revised. - Oxford, New York etc.: Oxford University Press, 2005. 16. Oxford Dictionary of English Idioms by A.P.Cowie, R.Mackin & I.R.McCaig. – Oxford, New York etc.: Oxford University Press, 1993. 17. Roget’s International Thesaurus, 4th ed. – New York: Harper & Row Publishers, Inc., 1977. 18. The Oxford Dictionary of New Words. - Oxford, New York etc.: Oxford University Press, 1998. 19. The Oxford Russian Dictionary, 3rd ed. - Oxford, New York etc.: Oxford University Press, 2000. 20. Webster’s New World Dictionary of the American Language. Second College Edition. New York: - Simon and Schuster, 1982. 21. Американа. Англо-русский лингвострановедческий словарь. Под редакцией и общим руководством доктора филологических наук профессора Г.В. Чернова. - М: «Полиграмма», 1996. 22. Большой англо-русский словарь: в 2-х т. / Авт.: Ю.Д. Апресян, И.Р. Гальперин, Р.С. Гинзбург и др. Под общ. рук. проф. И.Р. Гальперина и проф. Э.М. Медниковой. 4-е изд., испр., с Дополнением. – М.: Русский язык, 1987. 23. Ефремова Т.Ф. Современный толковый словарь русского языка. В 3 т. - М.: АСТ: Астрель, 2006. 24. Кортни Р. Английские фразовые глаголы. Англо-русский словарь. 2-е изд., стереотип. – М.: Русский язык, 2000. 25. Кунин А.В. Большой англо-русский фразеологический словарь. 5-е изд., перераб. - М.: Русский язык – Медиа, 2005. 26. Мюллер В.К. Англо-русский словарь. Изд. 17-е испр. и доп. М.: Русский язык, 1978. 27. Новый Большой англо-русский словарь: В 3 т. / Авт.: Ю.Д. Апресян, Э.М. Медникова, А.В. Петрова и др.; под общ. рук. акад. Ю.Д. Апресяна и проф. Э.М.Медниковой. 6-е изд., стереотип. - М.: Русский язык, 2001. 28. Палажченко П.Р. Мой несистематический словарь. - М., «Р. Валент», 2002. 29. Палажченко П.Р. Несистематический словарь. - М., «Р. Валент», 2005. 30. Рум Адриан Р.У. Великобритания. Лингвострановедческий словарь. 2-е изд., стереотип. - М.: Русский язык, 2000. 31. Спиерс Ричард А. Словарь американских идиом. Специальное издание. – М.: Русский язык, 1991. 32. British National Corpus - http://sara.natcorp.ox.ac.uk/ 33. GoogleTM Россия - http://www.google.ru/ 34. MSN.Encarta - http://encarta.msn.com 35. OneLook ® Dictionary Search - http://www.onelook.com/ 36. Форум ABBYY Lingvo - http://forum.lingvo.ru 37. Энциклопедия «Кругосвет». - http://www.krugosvet.ru/LingvoUniversal (Ru-En) (for ABBYY Lingvo x3) The Universal Russian-English Dictionary 85,000 entries. © ABBYY Software, 2005. Compiled by ABBYY’s lexicographers, LingvoUniversal (Ru-En) is a sister dictionary to LingvoUniversal (En-Ru). The Dictionary has been revised and updated to include more words and phrases specific to Russian life and culture. 8th ed., revised and updated